Sinful/Sin Nature

“We know that whosoever is born of God sinneth not; but he that is begotten of God keepeth himself, and that wicked one toucheth him not.” - 1 John 5:18

This doctrine asserts that humans are born sinful and as a consequence of the fall, inherited from Adam an innate proclivity to sin. However, this was not believed, neither held by the early Church nor taught in the Scriptures. This was rather first developed in the writings of Augustine and influenced by his interpretations of Rom 5:12-21 and 1 Cor 15:21-22. This doctrine further influenced the Reformers and has shaped subsequent theological doctrines (such as Reformed Theology) which again have their basis in man’s interpretation of the Scriptures rather than the Scriptures cohesiveness in explaining itself. Original sin/sin(ful) nature and other variant titles, stand as an anti-Christ teaching because humans are not born sinful neither is sin inherited nor an innate quality.  

The Scripture states, “Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.” - Eccl 7:29. God did not create humans to sin against Him. God created humans upright--righteous with the ability to choose and make decisions. There is nothing innate about choosing wrong and committing sins when one can choose right. That would be attributing sin to God which is false as the previous Scripture refutes. It is an insult to the Creator. Besides, if sin was inherited and innate, why is this stated to Adam’s descendant, following man’s disobedience: “And the Lord said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen? If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.” - Gen 4:6-7. Why would the Lord ask Cain to do that which he couldn’t? Why would God ask him to overcome something in “his nature” if he was just born with sin (inherited) and born to sin (tendency)?

Adam & Eve chose between obedience to God or disobedience. Their disobedience was sin even if they didn’t intend it to be so. From that decision, sin entered our world and each person is born into a world with the consequences of that fall. Nonetheless, each person is born also with the choice to live upright and righteous following God’s Word which is truth. People are not born sinners. They, however, fall into sin and disobedience when they disregard God’s Word and commands. If they decide to repent -- confess and forsake their sins (Prov 28:13), they will receive forgiveness of their past, and if they continue in obedience, they will obtain the crown of righteousness. If they do not continue in obedience to God, they cut themselves off from God’s mercy and grace, and will not inherit the kingdom of God (Heb10:26-30, 1 Cor 6:9-10, Rom 11:22).

To believe sin is inherited from Adam would be unbiblical, seeing that the Word also states, “The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him. But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.” - Eze 18:20-21. No one has inherited Adam’s sin. Everyone born into this world has the choice to make of their own. Christ offers forgiveness of sins that are past (Rom 3:23-25, 2 Pet 1:9) giving us freedom and liberty that we would go and sin no more as He commanded (Jn 8:11, Jn 5:12-14). This is so that we may truly understand His love toward us and reciprocate that love with our obedience (Jn 14:15). 

In light of 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, “For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.” and Romans 5:12-21, particularly verse 19: “For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.” It was through Adam that sin became the reality in our world and thus could have an influence on all people based on their individual decisions. However, it is through Christ that one obtains true freedom from sin (Jn 8:36): when one turns away from sin, baptizes in Jesus’ name for the remission of sins, and receives the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:38). One may now serve God with a pure conscience as a result of Christ’s sacrifice (Heb 9:14, Heb10:22) with an assurance that their past is forgiven. They would now have to live the rest of their lives in holiness (1 Pet 1:13-16) and obedience to the one who exemplified perfect obedience. Without obedience to Christ, there is no salvation. “Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered; And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him.” - Heb 5:8-9. 

“He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil. Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed remaineth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God. In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother.” - 1 Jn 3:8-10

Penal Substitution

“Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.” Isaiah 55:4-5

This doctrine essentially states that Jesus suffered the wrath of God and punishment (penalty) for mankind’s sins in order that mankind would receive forgiveness; a substitution. Though perhaps not the intent, it first sets up God as a vindictive Father taking out on His innocent Son vengeance for the disobedience of humans-- ‘unleashing’ His wrath on Jesus instead of people. The attribution of God’s wrath to Christ’s death and that also as the means of forgiveness is not accurate though it is very convincing. This doctrine neglects other truths which therefore establishes it as a misrepresentation of Scripture, especially as some further misconstrue its implication in their own response to the gospel. Though one may view belief in this doctrine as of little consequence (if they happen to be living in obedience to God anyway) such doctrines must be dispelled in favor of what Scripture states and explains. Our efforts towards contending against these seemingly ‘harmless’ doctrines are not cold-hearted nor to assert intellectual or spiritual authority but rather that people would see and come to truly rest on the pure word of God and the faith that was delivered to the saints. 

Jesus said He came to set captives free from the bondage of sin (Lk 4:18) not to take their place or the punishment/consequences of their sins: “Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many” (Matt 20:28). Those who are in sin are slaves to sin (Jn 8:34) and thus in bondage. As slaves to sin, they receive the wages of death (Rom 6:23). On account that anyone who sins has that ‘record’, there’s the necessity that it be blotted out and remembered no more if the sinner is now willing to live in obedience to the Lord (Ezekiel 18:21-23, Prov 28:13, Heb 8:7-12). Thus, if they are free from sin, they are free indeed because of the Son (Jn 8:36) and if free from sin must continue in that liberty -- in righteousness adding to their faith virtue, knowledge, temperance, patience, godliness, brotherly kindness, and love (2 Pet 1:6-7). So, how then do freedom and forgiveness come about? It is through the blood of Jesus Christ. 

The purpose of Christ’s sacrifice was to bear the sins of the world and to shed His blood for the remission of sins, as well as to demonstrate his power over death (Acts 2:24, Romans 6:9). Scripture teaches that there can be no remission of sins without the shedding of blood (Heb 9:22). The way by which forgiveness comes about is not that the wrath of God is justified in Christ as an exchange but rather that the shed blood of Christ as a result of His afflictions blots out the handwriting of [OT] ordinances (Col 2:14), washes us from our past sins (Rev 1:5, Rom 3:25), purifies our consciences for us to now serve the living God [in righteousness] (Heb 9:14). The blood of Jesus Christ is what ransoms from the bondage of sin those that believe this and obey Him. Consider that throughout the OT, God always brought judgment on His people when they transgressed. They incurred the wrath of God for their sins, and in many instances, the Lord was not even pleased with their sacrifices because in those cases, there wasn’t true repentance and obedience (See: Is 1:11-15, Ps 51:16-17, 1 Sam 15:22). The wrath was for the sins they committed and the sacrifice (and blood) for the forgiveness of those sins. 

Some hold to the substitution doctrine because it is not apparent to them how God currently serves retribution on disobedience so they hold that it must have been all ‘placed’ on Christ. Scripture states: “He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him.” (John 3:36). Whoever doesn’t believe in Christ for the remission of their past sins to then continue in a new life of righteousness, has the wrath of God abiding on them already and are still in bondage to sin and death (Rom 6:23). “For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.” (Rom 1:18-19). Whosoever believes in the Son for forgiveness (John 3:16), abides in Him (John 15) and obeys Him unto righteousness, escapes from the wrath of God that already abides on those disobedient. The wrath again is not on the Son but on those who are disobedient. 

In light of Isaiah 53, the afflictions Christ suffered was on account of shedding His blood for the remission of sins as opposed to consequences of divine retribution on Him. Again, seeing as there can be no remission of sins without the shedding of blood (Heb 9:22), it is of absolute importance that Christ shed His. Why the blood? The Lord states: “For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul.” (Lev 17:11). The Old Testament describes the sacrificial processes of bulls, lambs, goats, as well as many other traditions, of which we see the fulfillment in and by Christ. In this case of sacrifices, the shedding of animal blood was not sufficient to take away sins (Heb 10:3-4) and neither sufficient to purify consciences because with every sacrifice, there was always the remembrance of sin!  The distinction between the OT sacrifice and the sacrifice of Christ is that Christ is the Son of God and lamb of God (worth far more than any animal sacrifice!) who has laid down His life by choice once and for all. His blood is forever sufficient to make atonement for sinners. And for those sinners He sets free (now set apart as saints, no longer sinners - Eph 2:19, Eph 5:3), they now have clean hands, a pure heart, and have the laws of God written on their hearts and minds by the Spirit of God to now live in righteousness. For with this knowledge and the truth, they cannot continue to sin willfully because there would remain no more sacrifices for sin but a fearful expectation of God’s judgment (Heb 10:26). 

It helps to also understand that Jesus Christ decided to offer Himself for the remission of man’s sins by the Will of God: “Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God.” (Heb 10:5-7). The Father did not just ‘offer’ Him up or make Him do so. It was Jesus’ choice in obedience to the Father: “Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.” - Jn 10:17-18. 

It was for the shedding of blood that the Son was afflicted and died on the cross so that there would be remission of sins. Having shed His blood, those who are forgiven are to be partakers with Him: “And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.” (Matt 26:26-28). They are to deny themselves, pick up their cross daily and follow Him (and whoever doesn’t is not worthy of Him, Luke 9:23-24). They are called to put to death sin and flesh once and for all in their lives (Romans 6) and to suffer for His name sake: “For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake” (Phil 1:29), and if we suffer with Him, we will also reign with Him (2 Tim 2:12)

For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps: Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth: Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously: Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed. For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.”(1 Pet 2:21-25).

Once Saved Always Saved

“For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost, And have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come, If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame.” (‭‭Heb ‭6:4-6‬)

“OSAS,” as some quote, is another destructive doctrine that has led many into complacency and reprobacy. The Bible speaks very clearly regarding those who do not continue in the word of God/endure till the end. Eternal security is a reality and assurance for the people of God who continue in obedience and holiness. Yet there are various denominations and groups that teach that one is not capable of losing their salvation, no matter the state they find themselves in. This is a lie!

It presents a convenient gospel that requires no true sacrifice and obedience to the Lord. People have been deceived especially as again scriptures have been used outside of their original meaning to support this (and other) doctrines. Scripture states: “But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die.” (Eze 18:24). Right here would usher comments about how “the Old Testament doesn’t apply anymore” and other protests against this. However, such arguments disregard that when Jesus and all the apostles preached for the first decade or so, the only scripture that existed was the Old Testament. The first few books of the New Testament were written between 40-50 AD and after, and the entire church didn't have all of Paul's letters or even more than one of the gospel accounts. We cannot neglect the whole of Scripture and the lessons if: “all scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works” (2 Tim 3:16-17) and if these events from time past were written for our learning (Rom 15:4). Whoever does not continue in righteousness cut themselves off from the vine and is thrown in the fire (Jn 15:6).

It is possible to fall away and thus lose salvation. Hence, the admonitions throughout Scripture that we must heed to. To understand why OSAS is a false doctrine, let us examine the other doctrine that has fostered this idea. Those who hold to OSAS also believe that one is not saved by works but by faith in Christ, according to their interpretation of Eph 2:8. As has been covered in previous articles, no one did anything to earn the grace of God. However, now that grace is here as a teacher, grace demands righteous works (Tit 2:11-14). Jesus has purified His people to do good works and follow His example of righteousness. And so, we will be judged by our works (Rev 22:12), perhaps more so now as those who profess to know Him. “For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of God: and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the gospel of God? And if the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear?” (1 Pet 4:17). 

We must acknowledge that God’s word is truth and never in vain. His words never return to Him void but go out to do that which He has sent it out to do (Isaiah 55:11). Consider the examples throughout Scripture for our learning, from the beginning of man’s history with God. God told Adam and Eve to not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil for they would surely die (Gen 2:17). They ate (disobeyed) and died with Adam living for 930 years (Gen 5:5). They were in God’s presence and blameless until they disobeyed. In Moses’ time, all the Israelites made it out of Egypt but not all made it out of the wilderness. Hebrews 3 reminds us of those who fell into unbelief by their disobedience to God and as a result, were destroyed in the wilderness. Though they escaped from bondage in Egypt, they fell into sin and thus could not see the land of promise. This serves as a reminder that we are being saved hence the need to work out our own salvation with fear and trembling (Phil 2:12) and to abide in the Lord and His word/teachings (Jn 15).

Now consider also in Acts 5, Ananias and Sapphira who were struck dead for lying to the Holy Spirit. These were individuals who had just become part of the Church only to have sinned and been cut off. Scripture reminds us that: “And great fear came upon all the church, and upon as many as heard these things” (Acts 5:11) as a result of the consequences of their actions, serving to remind us that our God is indeed a consuming fire (Heb 12:29). Examine the Lord’s words in Revelations to the churches, to the church of Ephesus in particular, we hear: “I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are not, and hast found them liars: And hast borne, and hast patience, and for my name's sake hast laboured, and hast not fainted. Nevertheless I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love. Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen, and repent, and do the first works; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will remove thy candlestick out of his place, except thou repent” (Rev 2:2-5). Even though they as a church seemed to be doing things right, they had forgotten their first love which warranted their candlestick being removed. Jesus admonishes: “He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God.” (Rev 2:6-7). 

Throughout the scriptures, as it is now, the consequence of sin is death. It has never changed and will never change, for the wages of sin is death but the gift of God is eternal life (Rom 6:23). Adherents to OSAS quote John 10:28 - 29 to explain why only their belief in Jesus Christ grants them eternal security. “And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand. My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand.” Yet they ignore the previous verse: “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:” Anyone following after Christ is in obedience to Him, abiding in Him and bearing fruit. If they continue to do this, they are secure in the Father’s hand and no one can pluck them out. People themselves can leave His hand through their own actions as scripture makes clear: “for it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost, And have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come, If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame.”(‭‭Hebrews‬ ‭6:4-6‬). How does one explain this in light of OSAS? And this?: “For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins, But a certain fearful looking for judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries. He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses: Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace? For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people. It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.” (‭‭Hebrews‬ ‭10:26-31)

Eternal security is the assurance for the saints of God. It is however conditional on what we do after professing faith in Christ. Nothing can remove us from the Lord but ourselves and what we do: whether we live in righteousness leading to life or return to sin which leads to death. “Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.” (Gal 6:7-8). Consider this as well: “to them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life: but unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath” (Rom 2:7-8). God promises to cause all things to work together for the good of them that love Him and are the called according to His purpose (Rom 8:28). To love the Lord is to obey Him (Jn 14:15).

“For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.” 2 Cor 5:10

Reformed Theology

“For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.” - 1 Cor 3:11-12

Reformed theology is a theological system that emerged with the Reformers (Luther, Calvin, etc) and the contributions of those prior (John Knox, Erasmus, etc) who sought to address issues within the institutionalized (Catholic) church. It entails a dogmatic approach to understanding God and His relationship with people with doctrines and teachings that have a semblance of truth but lack biblical truth and soundness in certain areas. Though these principles are not entirely wrong, it is their exposition that makes them destructive: sola scriptura (Scripture alone), Solus Christus (Christ alone), sola fide (faith alone), sola gratia (grace alone), and soli Deo Gloria (glory to God alone). These “alones” conflict and are self-contradictory since by definition one “alone” is by itself and sufficient.

Note that one is not questioning sincerity or even attributing malicious intent to these destructive doctrines. The reality is that one can be sincerely wrong. Especially, when man’s opinion and rationale are held as truth and the sure foundation of biblical truths, reflective through Scriptures, are explained away as merely suggestions or impossibilities. Jesus nonetheless stated, “And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand: And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it.” - Matt 7:26-27. As it is, that which is not rooted in the consistency and cohesive truths of Scripture will be uprooted (Matt 15:13). One must break away from these enforced structures and explanations, to instead rely on what the Word states explicitly in harmonization.

Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone)

This is a well-intentioned and correct assertion primarily motivated against the Catholic traditions of ‘extra-revelatory’ information and practices that had no basis in Scripture but had been embraced as right. It is important to note that God does give His people revelation but it is never in contradiction to His word or Spirit. This principle of Sola Scriptura states that Scripture is the only inspired word of God and is sufficient as the supreme and spiritual authority. In principle, it is true. However, this is not evident in ‘Reformed’ thought and discipline. The irony, again, is that Scripture is used to support man-made ideas and doctrines (like once saved always saved regardless of what one does/doesn’t do, faith without works, grace without obedience, sinful nature, infant baptism, and others) whereas Scripture itself teaches comprehensively and is the concrete doctrine. It speaks for itself: sound and true. And those who do not abide in or come with the doctrine--this complete and whole doctrine of Jesus Christ evident through the balance and coherency of the Word--have not the Father and the Son (2 John 1:9-10). 

Another question to consider is which Scriptures/translations? Translations such as NLT, NIV, and the ensuing translations have these doctrines within that redefine what the Word states, thus raising concern for what people are building their faith and knowledge on. We are to build on the rock (Matt 7:24) and are reminded by Christ that it is His Word that will judge us in the last day: “He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day. For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father which sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. And I know that his commandment is life everlasting: whatsoever I speak therefore, even as the Father said unto me, so I speak.” - Jn 12:48-50. If any man speaks then, let him speak as the oracles [words] of God (1 Pet 4:11).

Solus Christus (Christ alone)

This rightly states as the whole of Scripture teaches, that salvation cannot be obtained without Christ. That it is by His atoning work, apart from individual works that man is saved. It is true that Christ is the way, the truth, and the life and that no one can come to the Father except through Him (Jn 14:6). It is true that Christ is the only mediator between God and man (1 Tim 2:5) and that there is no other name by which mankind is saved (Acts 4:12). So what is the issue here? The issue again is what this doctrine neglects--the appropriate and necessary response of individuals to Christ. Salvation is found in no one other than Christ, and if one does not respond in the ways Christ teaches, one will not be saved. “And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it.” - Lk 9:23-24. Is this not a necessary action on the part of man? Christ taught that He came to set people free from the bondage of sin (Lk 4:18) and to forgive their sins so that they go and sin no more. Who the Son sets free is free indeed! (Jn 8:36), and this is not only from their past sins but also the freedom to no longer continue in such. Christ taught that anyone who follows after Him must abide (Jn 15) and endure to the end to be saved (Matt 24:13).

Please note that this is not to take away from the work of Christ because without Him one cannot obtain forgiveness of sins. Rather but rather to emphasize the necessity of man’s response in the form of repentance (Prov 28:13), and obedience to Christ (Jn 14:15). As well as to glorify the power of God that truly transforms willing people from sinners to children of God, not just in theory or abstract imputation but in reality!“But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour. If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work.” - 2 Tim 2:20-21.

Sola Fide (faith alone)

This asserts that salvation is also by faith alone not works. Though one could not have done anything to earn the opportunity to be saved, and that it is solely God’s gift to the world (Jn 3:16-17), consider that the Word continues, and states: “He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.” (Jn 3:18-19). There’s an aspect of doing. Faith in itself is an action, a work: “But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.” - Heb 11:6.

Faith is faithfulness and loyalty to God and His Word by His Spirit. The word also states that those who are in the flesh cannot please God (Rom 8:8). Galatians 5 also explains what the works of the flesh are, so one who professes Christ but is still in their flesh is not living by faith. Faith is not just believing because even the demons believe and they tremble (James 2:19). Even they acknowledge Jesus’ power and the fact that He is the Son of God. What then is the difference between one’s faith and demonic faith?  James explains clearly that faith without works is dead because these two go hand in hand. Faith should result in action in one’s life. Faith saves because faith truly encompasses righteous works that we must do as believers following after the true example of righteousness Christ set out for us. “For we are made partakers of Christ, if we hold the beginning of our confidence stedfast unto the end; While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation. For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out of Egypt by Moses. But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness? And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not? So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief ?” (Heb 3:14-19). If you are familiar with this Scripture (and the reference in the book of Numbers), you would realize that those who sinned, committed fornication, rebellion, etc in the wilderness were those considered to have had unbelief. 

Sola Gratia (grace alone)

This principle teaches that salvation is a gift from God and not anything that anyone could have earned on their own; that it is by unmerited favor. The extent to which this principle is taken to justify sin, to eliminate obedience, and one’s necessary response (if indeed they are of faith in Christ) is what makes this principle problematic. Grace is also not properly defined but is reduced to only ‘unmerited favor.’ The word of God is certainly very clear, and all saints do attest to this truth: “For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.” (Eph 2:8-9). Nobody could have done anything to have earned God’s grace on mankind. This is solely the work and gift of God.

Nonetheless, we are informed in Scripture what the grace of God is and what our response must be: “For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world, Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works.” (Titus 2:11-14). The grace of God is not anything we earned and it teaches us to deny ungodliness. What must we do in response? Obey! If indeed we have been cleansed and redeemed from all filth and are to walk in holiness to our Redeemer. Salvation is attained by the grace of God and one’s submission to this grace. “We then, as workers together with him, beseech you also that ye receive not the grace of God in vain.” (2 Cor 6:1). 

Soli Deo Gloria (glory to God alone)

Glory to God indeed that by His Grace, sinners who come broken and contrite in acknowledgment of their sins, who repent, and believe that Christ forgives them for their past sins, become children of God -- cleansed, filled with the Holy Spirit and live in obedience to the word of God as taught by the Holy Spirit! The power of God demonstrated in His people isn’t that they keep sinning. It is that they overcome regardless of the tribulations and trials that they face! Why? Because they truly believe that who the Son sets free is free indeed (Jn 8:36) and they exercise that faith in continually overcoming. Their lives are no longer theirs but the Father’s and His will is what they pursue. “But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on His name.” (Jn 1:12).  So, “and he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give power over the nations:” (Rev 2:26). And yes, God ultimately gets the Glory because it belongs to Him. Nonetheless, Reformed thought bases  "Glory to God alone" upon an out-of-context reading of Isaiah 42:8 & 48:11 when God states He won't give His glory to idols.  God gives glory to men, kings, & especially those who walk uprightly (Ps 8:5, 21:5, 84:11).  Jesus even said God gave Him glory, and He, in turn, gave it to his disciples (Jn 17:22).  By us seeking God's glory, and honor & immortality (Rom 2:7), Jesus brings us (many sons) to glory (Rom 2:7, 8:18, Heb 2:10).  Even in the Old Testament God intended to give His glory/praise to Israel, Jerusalem, etc. (Isaiah 46:13, 62:7). So even though God is the ultimate source of glory & worthy of all glory, the "glory to God alone" argument from Reformed Theology also wreaks of the ideas behind God doing and receiving everything, and us doing and receiving nothing.  As Jesus said, "apart from me, you can do nothing." It is those who confess they can do nothing who are actually apart from him.  

“And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all judgment; That ye may approve things that are excellent; that ye may be sincere and without offence till the day of Christ. Being filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ, unto the glory and praise of God.” - Phil 1:9-11.

Calvinism

“For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.” (Jude 1:4)

Calvinism is the theological system (or religion) following the thoughts and teachings of John Calvin regarding the Christian faith. A reformer and humanist, his writings and doctrines were reflective over misinterpreted Scriptures and expressed some ideas of previous reformers and theologians like Luther and Augustine. Perhaps not intentionally, adherents became known as Calvinists and they hold near and dear some of the most destructive doctrines. The tenets of this religion are found in the following acronym: TULIP; total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, preservation of the saints. Although these tenets seek to emphasize God’s sovereignty in glorification of Him, these teachings are from men and misrepresent God because they do not teach His truth. Much of Calvin’s thoughts and doctrine (supported with isolated Scripture texts) influenced Protestantism and contributed to what we have today as Reformed theology. 

Total Depravity

This idea is akin to the “original sin/sin nature” doctrine which states that the nature of man is corrupt and sinful as a result of Adam and Eve’s disobedience in the garden. It holds that man is a slave to sin and by himself, apart from grace, cannot choose to follow God, refrain from sin, or accept/receive salvation. This has been discussed in the sin nature article which can be viewed here.

Unconditional Election/predestination

This states that God has predestined every individual who will be saved and those who will be damned from the beginning. This, they state, is all done within the sovereignty of God - that He decides who to save and who to leave to perish. That stance, though they support with certain verses, misrepresents God’s character and ignores the entirety of God’s Word. “I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; For kings, and for all that are in authority; that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth.” (1 Tim 2:1-4). Doesn’t that pose a contradiction here since it is evident that God desires that all people should be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth? Why then would He create some to destroy and others to save? As it is, because Calvinists and other reformed theologians hold to the sinful nature doctrine which removes accountability from man, they also twist God’s sovereignty and His love and present Him as unreasonable, ruthless, and even partial. Seeing as many who adhere to these doctrines also follow OSAS (see subsequent article) which states that nothing one does can cause them to lose their salvation, it is as if to say, individuals were chosen by God beforehand to be saved and because they were chosen beforehand by God, they will never lose their salvation even if they were to live in sin.  It must be understood that God made man righteous but it is man who sought after his own schemes (Ecc 7:29). From here we can understand why sin is not innate but rather decided upon by the choices individuals make. 

Having these truths, it should be evident why repentance is necessary and why Christ is the only one who can forgive past sins to those who come to Him in brokenness and contrition. These, thereafter, like the woman caught in adultery are instructed to go and sin no more. If we would see that God expects this of everyone, then it should be evident that He is not showing partiality. His divine knowledge or foreknowledge of those who become His (following repentance and obedience) does not prevent Him from calling all people everywhere to repent (Acts 17:30). But the Calvinist would rebut with “For many are called, but few are chosen” (Matt 24:14) to emphasize being chosen or selected but again they neglect also, “while it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation.” (Heb 3:15). Being chosen is available to all but with conditions attached. It is for this reason that Jesus stated, “So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen” (Matt 20:16). Those who hear and endure in obedience to the master are those who are part of the chosen. Many will indeed fall away as was the case with many of Jesus’ disciples, excluding the twelve (Jn 6:66). Some start who will not finish with Christ and some will repent and come in later and die in the Lord. The elect of God will be saved and whoever obeys the Lord will be part of His elect. This opportunity, again, is available to all people. 

God hinders no one from following, neither has He predestined individuals to obedience or disobedience. Those who are the elect, the Lord’s people: called out of the darkness into His marvelous light (1 Peter 2:9) and are living in obedience to the Lord, will be saved collectively. These elect people were once disobedient but submitted themselves to the Lord and His righteousness. The Lord calls and draws all people but those who remain and become His people (‘the chosen’) are those who abide in Him (John 15)--those who obey Him. “And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him;” (Heb 5:9). So yes, while Christ did die for the sins of the whole world, it is those who come to Him and follow Him in obedience who will receive salvation because we are expected to respond as recipients. The elect collectively is those who have obeyed and sought the Lord with their hearts. This is not limited to a particular group but made available to all who will sincerely seek the Lord and be obedient. Scripture is very clear that the Lord does not take pleasure in the death of the wicked but rather that they turn and live (Eze 18:23). That was the ministry of the prophets of old, of Jesus Christ, the Apostles, and now the saints of God; to call all people to repentance and for people to choose to turn from sin and live. Whoever forfeits this is damned not because God predestined them to be so but because they preferred the consequences of sin which is death than to live for righteousness which leads to life. 

Calvinists also often use the following Scripture in defense of unconditional election and predestination. They quote Jesus’ words, “No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day” (Jn 6:44). They state along the lines that the Father has chosen specific people to draw near to the Son while they neglect His other words, “and I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me” (Jn 12:32) and “all that the Father giveth me shall come to me; and him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out” (Jn 6:37). Again, if the Father is seeking that none should perish but that all should come to the knowledge of the truth (1 Tim 2:3-4), and Jesus Himself stated that He will by no means turn away anyone who comes to Him, why would God again create some people to be saved and others to perish. This idea actually corrupts God’s character. It places the responsibility of man’s character on God, and if that be the case, why didn’t God just create obedient people to serve Him?

Limited Atonement

This states that the work of Christ (the shedding of his blood) is applicable only to the elect. The principle is misleading and an incomplete assertion. It is true that in the end, those who will be saved are the elect. These elect are again the whosoevers in Jn 3:16-21 who believe and do their deeds in the light and no longer darkness. These are people from every tribe, nation, and tongue (Rev 7:9). The shedding of Christ’s blood was for the reconciliation of man to God. And yes, though made available to all people, it is a reality that not all will believe and obey. To which Jesus Himself tells us: “Strive to enter in at the strait gate: for many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able.” (Lk 13:24). But that doesn’t mean that the Son of God came only for a few: “And He is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.” (1 Jn 2:2). To limit the passion of Christ to only a select few is inaccurate. It is a different thing to say that Christ only died to save the elect, and another to realize that those who are saved are those who believe in Christ for the forgiveness of sins and become the elect. Scripture states that there can be no remission of sins without the shedding of blood (Heb. 9:22). The crucifixion of Jesus and the remission of sins that comes by Him served a greater purpose. If those things of the past were a foreshadowing of that which was to come (Heb 10:1), then we see that in all these things, Jesus is indeed the fulfillment. The offering of Christ, whether in regard to atonement or any other thing, is not limited for it is of necessity that in Him all things consist (Col 1:16-20)

Irresistible grace

This doctrine like the others about the elect, teaches that grace is “applied” to those whom God has intended to save and that regardless of one’s resistance to obeying, God overrides this by His grace because He has elected them. The misunderstanding of predestination is what has led to the misapplication of Scripture and thus strange doctrines as such. The Bible states that the grace of God has appeared to all men teaching us to deny ungodliness and to live soberly and righteously (Tit 2:11-14). The sacrifice of Christ is so valuable to be limited to some although that will be the case. That is not the intention of God, although that is the reality. Why? Again, because people neglect their reasonable response and service to the Lord, and this doctrine fosters that. Jesus commanded His disciples to follow Him: “And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me” (Matt 10:38). It was at His command that they followed, and by their obedience that they were counted as His disciples and friends. If humans make choices in every aspect of their lives, why is that choice and response predetermined for them when it comes to eternal life? Those who love God and obey Him are not forced or made to do so but they choose to do so.  Grace, again, has appeared to all men. Grace can be resisted if one chooses to do so but that doesn’t make it less available to those who submit themselves to the grace of God, neither does it make grace less powerful or effective. 

Preservation/Perseverance of the saints

This teaches that those saved persevere to the end by the grace of God, and not their own strength or works. This is of truth. It however becomes misconstrued and extended to OSAS: ‘once saved always saved’ which teaches that those saved are kept by God regardless of what one does/doesn’t do. Make no mistake! Eternal security is biblical but it is also conditional. It is the hope of the believer (faithful and obedient to the Lord) to be saved for that is the assurance they have been given provided they continue in obedience (their calling). “Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.” (Romans 11:22). The one who professes Christ but does not live in holiness and obedience has no part in the kingdom of God because they are still in darkness. Because God is God of the living and not the dead (Mark 12:27) and those who are alive are those who have awakened to righteousness, and these are those who know Him (1 Cor 15:34).  “For we are made partakers of Christ, if we hold the beginning of our confidence stedfast unto the end;” (Heb 3:14). 

“Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown.” (Rev 3:11).

Denominations

“Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain.” - Psalm 127:1

Jesus forewarned that many would come in His name, even acknowledging Him as Christ, and would deceive the masses (Matt 24:4-5). It has been the case for years but is more evident in these moments of the last days. Many do come in Jesus’ name but they do not come with His teachings and true doctrine (2 Jn 1:10). They instead keep themselves and others in bondage with stories and fables, commandments and doctrines of men (Tit 1:14), philosophy and vain deceit (Col 2:8), and lies that appease itching ears (2 Tim 4:3).

Catholicism is a more obvious example of an anti-Christ denomination though, like the Eastern Orthodox Church, it considers itself ‘pre-denominational’. It is rife with teachings from hell and vain traditions that have a form of godliness but no power (2 Tim 3:5). That appearance is successfully deceptive to those who lack a true transformative relationship with God and instead have supplemented true faith with the worship of things deemed ‘holy’ in a false sense of humility (Col 2:18) rather than true godly humility, and as well as with religiosity and ritual/traditions. Even before the establishment of the RCC and thereafter, God has always had His Church, His Body, the ekklesia who have truly repented, are Holy Spirit-filled and living in obedience. The Church of God is not institutionalized but rather, collectively, a people who are serving the Lord in obedience to His Word and worship Him in Spirit and truth (Matt 12:46-50, Jn 10, Rev. 7:9). Denominations, on the other hand, emerged in response to the ‘organizational’ misunderstandings, doctrines, injustices, and corruption within the Catholic Church, and thereafter the doctrinal and traditional disagreements among “Catholic dissenters” or “reformed groups.” 

Though many reformers, the likes of Luther, Calvin, Erasmus had many grievances against the RCC and sought change, that change was still within that institutionalized and false church system marked with traditions and interpretations of men. The Reformation has sustained the explaining away of Scripture in favor of man-made doctrines developed from isolated Scriptures (instead of rightly dividing the Word of truth). It has since been advanced as an academic discipline and personal preference/interpretation in the form of theology, seminary education, even philosophy. As a result, it has undermined the power of the truth of the gospel in the lives of those who follow after such because doctrines and teachings of men have swept them. The consequences are evident: the prevalence of sin in people’s lives, a lukewarm/casual approach to faith, overwhelming religiosity, misunderstanding of true repentance, holiness, obedience, and worst of all, the disrespect to the Holy Spirit’s power and leading into all truth.

From Luther, you have Lutherans. Calvin, the Calvinists/Presbyterians. Wesley, the Wesleyans/Methodists, Anglicanism from Henry VIII because he wanted to divorce his wife to marry his mistress, and the list goes on. From these, you have sects and denominations that have their teachings and have a different faith than that according to the gospel and doctrine of Jesus Christ. They also have an appearance of wisdom and even rationality but we know that true wisdom and truth are found in Jesus Christ (1 Cor 1:10-31) and what He explicitly taught. “If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of God; if any man minister, let him do it as of the ability which God giveth: that God in all things may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.” -1 Peter 4:11. The unfortunate thing is that these denominations are fortified in their teachings and misapplication of Scripture with some even having re-written and altered the Scriptures according to their interpretation (ex: Jehovah’s Witnesses, Mormons) of which we are clearly warned against doing (Prov 30:5-6, Rev 22:18-19). 

The conclusion? Denominations have led to a knowledge of and even about God but it lacks the intimacy of knowing God and being fully known by Him (2 Tim 2:19). There is no such thing as denominations for Jesus Christ Himself stated that He will build His Church and the gates of hell will not prevail against it (Matt 16:18). “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:” (Jn 10:27) “And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers.” (Jn 10:5). Truth is revealed through the Spirit of God and without the Spirit of God, one does not belong to God (Rom 8:9) nor know God. Those who are in obedience to Christ and His teachings have the Holy Spirit and their allegiance is not to denominations and institutions but Jesus Christ. 

“Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; One Lord, one faith, one baptism, One God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all.” (Ephesians 4:3-6)

Predestination

“Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth, I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: but in every nation, he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.” - Acts 10:34-35

This is a ‘pillar’ doctrine in Calvinism that misapplies God’s sovereignty and perverts His righteousness and justice. This has been covered in the Calvinism section which you can view here but it’ll be further explained. 

Predestination comes from the word, “predestinate.” Calvinists believe that God has predestined some for heaven while others are chosen for hell regardless of anything they may say or do. However, it is not biblical. Why? Because God gives every man a choice, a free will to choose life or death. It is not determined beforehand, which means fixed or definite. Only the outcome of our choices is determined. “I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live:” (Deut 30:19). We also know that God desires all to come to repentance: “The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance (2 Pet 3:9).

God is so patient and long-suffering towards mankind. As Christ has shown us that same longsuffering and goodness in “while we were still sinners He died for us” (Rom 5:8, Heb 12:2). So since God prepared a way through His Son for all to be saved, it is then given to man a choice to determine his destination, not God. God prepared the Way. We see this in Rom 9:22-23 that it is not God who prepares people one way or another, but they. God only provides a place for those choices people make. “What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory,” (Romans 9:22-23). 

The word “Prepared” here is an action verb with a passive middle voice. Let us look closer at its meaning: "to make fit, to equip, prepare" (kata, "down," artos, "a joint"), is rendered "fitted"  in Rom 9:22, of vessels of wrath. Here, the Middle Voice signifies that those referred to "fitted" themselves for destruction. The scripture in Romans 9 earlier mentions Pharaoh (vs. 17) and how he hardened his own heart towards Moses and God several times (see Ex 7:22, Ex 8:15, 19, 32, Ex 9:7) so that God gave him over to his hardened heart. God intended to show Pharaoh mercy but he chose his heart to be hardened, so God gave him over to his impenitent heart: “for God looks on the heart and sees its condition and judges righteously” (1 Sam. 16:7). God chooses either mercy or hardens the heart to give what someone wants (Rom. 9:18). God in His righteousness gives everyone a chance to turn and repent, but many still choose death. We also see this in Romans 1:28 about people that give themselves over to sin, and God left them in their delusion as a result - “And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a debased mind, to do those things which are not fitting;”

In conclusion: We all choose our destination, God provided a way for all to be saved. But it has requirements. The only way a person is determined to be acceptable to God is through humility, having godly sorrow to repentance, being completely submitted to Christ in loving and doing what He says, and by walking in righteousness and keeping oneself unspotted from the world. (Rom. 12:1, 1 Pet. 5:5, 2 Cor. 7:10, James 4:7, John 14:15, Ps. 15:1-2, and James 1:27).

“But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour. If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work.” (2 Timothy 2:20-21).